Last summer, when I began my series on praying the Mass, I honestly had no idea how long it would last.  I thought perhaps it might take me into the Fall, or possibly the beginning of Advent at the latest.  As it turns out, it pretty much took an entire year to complete the series.  There were, understandably, a few breaks that I needed to take for various reasons, but overall, it was pretty much one article after the next, making our way slowly but surely through the Mass.

I have been very encouraged by the feedback that I have received from many of you on the series.  It demonstrates to me that the Holy Spirit was prompting me to take on this labor or love because it was something needed by the Church.  As you know, many of the most profound insights came from sources other than myself, so I cannot claim any specific credit for anything that may have been moving to you, but I am grateful for the opportunity that the Lord has given to me to have this vehicle for sharing something so important for us as Catholics, which is praying the Mass well.  This time of Eucharistic Revival is far more than just explaining our belief in the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist.  To be sure, that is important, and I hope many Catholics throughout our country have experienced a renewed appreciation for this important truth of our faith.  But a desire of those responsible for crafting the goals of the Eucharistic Revival was to highlight the treasure of the Sacred Liturgy.  If it is true that the Mass is the “source and summit of the Chistian life”, then a renewal in our love for this gift is essential to the success of this special time for the Church in the United States.

As this series on praying the Mass was nearing completion, I found myself both joyful and a bit nervous.  As I said, this series has been a labor of love, and now that it is done, I am so thankful for the experience.  But then I face the question: “What’s next?”  Is there another series planned?  At this point, that answer is no.  But, I do not want to put limits on what the Holy Spirit may prompt me to do, so do not be surprised if something comes along.  In the mean time, I am content to take these articles one week at a time.  This is where that nervousness comes in!  With a defined series, it was somewhat easy to know what the topic of the next article would be.  Of course, each article required a fair amount of thinking, praying, and researching, but to have a general direction took a lot of pressure off.  Now, I will return to where I’ve been in the past, most likely, praying each week: “Lord, what do you want me to say?”  The Lord always provides, so that brings me comfort, even as I experience a little nervousness.

By the time you read this, I will have just finished attending our annual Priests Retreat with Bishop Paprocki and several other of our diocesan priests.  It was on that retreat last year when I really received the inspiration for this series.  Who knows if the Lord has something in store for me again?  One thing I know for sure about retreat (which is a little strange to think about given that I am writing this before retreat), I will be giving thanks to God for the gift of serving you as Rector of the Cathedral.  On July 1, I will be beginning my 5^th year here, which will officially make it the longest parish assignment I have ever had.  In many ways, these have been some of the most fulfilling and happiest years I have known as a priest, and much of that I credit to your loving support and encouragement of me and my brother priests.  And speaking of my brother priests, I think that is possibly the greatest gift of these past four years that have made for such fulfillment, the gift of priestly fraternity that we have here at the Cathedral Rectory, under the spiritual fatherhood of Bishop Paprocki, who has truly been a father, a brother, and a friend to me and my brother priests.  Please continue to pray for us each day, as we happily do so for you!

Father Alford     

Feast Day: June 9^th 

Legend has it that one of the first High Kings of Ireland was the suitably named Niall of the Nine Hostages. It was his roving bands of pirates who captured a young Padraik and held him hostage for 6 years before his escape, and then return, to bring the Gospel back to the Emerald Isle. One of Naill’s great-great-grandson, a century after the great apostle of Ireland, was Columba. Born into the still-royal family, though now also surrounded by a Christian culture with schools and monasteries to form his early years, he had every comfort his world could offer. 

(I often forget how early that all this happened. St. Patrick was born in England when Britain was still ruled by Rome. When he was bringing the faith to Ireland, the Franks had still not received the Gospel in France and the Council of Chalcedon had still not cemented the Church’s understanding of Christ’s Divine Personhood and divine and human natures. St. Columba, even a century later, 521-597 AD, still lived while St. Benedict was founding his monastery at Monte Cassino, Muhammad was born in Arabia, and Pope St. Gregory the Great sent missionaries to England, which, despite St. Patrick’s coming from there was still predominantly pagan.) 

St. Columba was talented, intelligent, strongly built and a natural leader, but he chose to leave behind the comforts of a regal heritage in Donegal and commit himself to the austerities of the life of a monk. His skills were quickly manifested and he founded monastery after monastery around Ireland, most famously at Derry. They were places of prayer and consecrated life, agriculture and art, study and education, peace and prosperity. Well, until Columba messed it all up.

He had returned to the Abbey at Movilla where he had begun his studies and surreptitiously made a copy of the treasured psalter kept there by Finnian, who had brought it back from Rome, one of the famous translations by St. Jerome. To loop back to St. Patrick for a moment: during his life Jerome’s translation had been completed, but it had yet to reach ubiquity around Europe so sometimes St. Patrick quoted the scriptures from earlier translations. Of course, Finnian was quite proud then to have this bible, and Columba was quite interested in getting a copy of it despite Finnian refusing him that permission. Our gutsy, not yet saintly, Irish monk copied a section every night, and had the whole psalter ready to take with him when he prepared to depart but then the truth came out.

Finnian accused Columba of disobedience. Columba claimed he did nothing wrong in copying the bible. The High King was asked to adjudicate the decision, Diamait mac Cerbaill, the last High King to be inaugurated by pagan ritual, by this time it seems a Christian, and in any case a relative of Columba. Still, in the earliest recorded judgement on copyright infringement, he sided with Finnian. Columba was furious, and the details are muddy, but it seems that in the midst of some sort of contest of strength one of the Northern O’Naill’s (Columba’s side) injured or killed one of the southern O’Naill’s (Daimait’s side, perhaps his son), and fled to Columba’s monastery for protection. Despite the inalienable right of sanctuary, Diamait dragged the man out and killed him. And so began the Battle of Cúl Dreimhne, with thousands dead at the end of it, and Columba choosing a self-imposed exile to Scotland to do penance. He would build many monasteries there, became known for his holiness and wisdom, convert the King of the Pict’s to Christianity, and – fitting given what had brought him there in the first place – help to mediate disputes among the warring clans, and continued to transcribe books until his death. 

Oh, and there was one famous time while working to convert King Brude that Columba came upon a group (of still pagan Picts) burying a man who had just been killed by a “water beast” in the River Ness. Columba touched the man, bringing him back to life, but knew the people needed a greater sign of Christ’s power to come to belief. He directed one of his young monks to swim the river. The Brother, Lugne Mocumin, leapt into the water and to the dismay of the crowd immediately attracted the beast. Columba calmly strode to the bank, made the sign of the cross and commanded the monster to stop, which it did instantaneously. 

His Irish temper had, at long last, been yoked to Christ.

Fr. Dominic some months ago heard a podcast by the apologist, and polymath, Jimmy Akin about the Loch Ness monster. Unfortunately, these days, it seems unlikely we have a dinosaur still living there, and though eel DNA is present in large amounts, we don’t have strong evidence for a giant eel living in the loch at the moment. So we don’t know what monster Columba faced that day, but we do know that he converted the Picts, which would be able to assimilate with the southern (already Christian) tribes, uniting Scotland a generation later.

We now come to the Concluding Rites of the Mass, the final elements that bring this great prayer of the Mass to a close.  The General Instruction of the Roman Missal does not give much in the way of explanation of this part of the Mass, only the elements that comprise these rites:

To the Concluding Rites belong the following:

• a) brief announcements, should they be necessary;
• b) the Priest’s Greeting and Blessing, which on certain days and occasions is expanded and expressed by the Prayer over the People or another more solemn formula;
• c) the Dismissal of the people by the Deacon or the Priest, so that each may go back to doing good works, praising and blessing God;
• d) the kissing of the altar by the Priest and the Deacon, followed by a profound bow to the altar by the Priest, the Deacon, and the other ministers.  (n. 90)

Although I could say something about each of these items, let me focus on point c), the Dismissal.  There are four options given by the Roman Missal for the Dismissal, and they all begin with the same word: “Go.”  As the GIRM mentions, our going has the character of being sent “to do good works, praising and blessing God.”  Although the Mass in ended, our giving glory to God has not.  My favorite Dismissal option expressed this beautifully: “Go in peace, glorifying the Lord by your life.”  Having encountered God’s word and having been nourished by His Body and Blood, we are equipped to go and live the Gospel in our daily lives.  The Mass is not one hour a week, totally separated from our daily lives.  No, the Mass is integral (necessary) to our lives as Catholics.  Here is how Father Timothy Gallagher, OMV, describes it in his book, A Biblical Way of Praying the Mass: The Eucharistic Wisdom of Venerable Bruno Lanteri:

He sends us, Venerable Bruno writes, as apostles. The word “apostle” means exactly this, “one who is sent.” Venerable Bruno sees in Acts 15:26 the portrait of an apostle: Paul and Barnabas are men “who have dedicated their lives to the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.” We are apostles when, in our vocations as husbands and wives, parents and children, brothers and sisters, in our various professions in the world, and in our life in the Church, we have dedicated our lives to the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. When the words “Go forth, the Mass is ended” are proclaimed, we receive the call to exit the church and reenter the world in this way, as apostles. In a very real sense, the end of the Mass is a beginning. 

(p. 86 of Kindle version of book)

This year-long series focusing on trying to pray the Mass better is, very fittingly, also coming to a conclusion.  It has been my great joy to share these reflections with you, reflections which I hope have helped you to enter into this greatest prayer better.  It is my hope that, as we come to the conclusion of these reflections, this will not be an end, but as with the Dismissal at Mass, a beginning.  May it be just the beginning of a journey into a deeper intimacy with Jesus in the most beautiful gift we have as Catholics, the Holy Mass.  If, down the road, we find ourselves losing that fervor for the Mass, falling back into our autopilot ways, not getting much from the Mass, let us take one final piece of advice from our friend, Venerable Bruno Lanteri.  Though these words speak more specifically about our struggles with sin, I think they apply well to our struggles with keeping our hearts focused in prayer at Mass.  He uses his favorite phrase, Nunc coepi, which translated means “Now I begin” or similarly, “Begin again”:

If I should fall, were it even a thousand times, I will not lose courage, I will not be troubled, but I will always say immediately, with peace, Nunc coepi [“Now I Begin.”]  

Father Alford     

Feast Day: June 2^nd 

Emperor Heraclius was in a pickle. He was the emperor of the Byzantine, Eastern, Roman Empire, 610-641 A.D. Constantine, about 300 years before, had declared Constantinople, then called Byzantium, the capital of the entire Roman empire (East and West, which he had reunited after decades of each having their own emperor). In the 600s the empire was again split, so Heraclius was emperor in the East and under attack from Persia. He exhausted his empire trying to repulse that invasion, and then found himself beset by a human tsunami from Arabia. Islam had arisen, and the Byzantine empire was shredded by their attack. Heraclius lost Syria, Armenia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and the Muslim territories were stretching towards Constantinople itself. He needed his people to be unified, but at that time they were anything but. 

The wide variety of peoples under his rule, though in name all Christian, were widely divided in their common faith in Christ. Quick overview: The Church had expended enormous effort in multiple ecumenical councils to clarify what it meant to believe that “the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” Nicaea I, in 325, condemned Arianism and declared that Jesus was “begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father” = Jesus is fully God. Constantinople I, in 381, condemned Apollinarianism and declared that Our Lord has a human body and soul = Jesus is fully human. The Council of Ephesus, in 431, condemned Nestorianism and declared that Jesus is one person, with both a divine nature and a human nature = Jesus is not multiple persons. Chalcedon, in 451, condemned the monophysites, and declared that Jesus’ divine and human natures were distinct, but united; not confused or blended together, but also not divided. 

Heraclius’ problem was that he still had Nestorians in Syria and Mesopotamia believing that Jesus was two persons. And he also had Monophysites on the other extreme in Egypt and Armenia who believed that Jesus’ divinity entirely engulfed his humanity. The emperor wanted to come up with some middle-of-the-road doctrine that would bring everybody back together. He proposed something termed “monoenergism” (which argued that Jesus’ divine nature and human nature had a single energy), though eventually he would promulgate a refined version of this called “monophysitism” in 638, which stated that Jesus’ divine nature and human nature had one will. It allowed him to keep the Nestorians happy (who want to keep Jesus humanity and divinity strongly separated), and the Monophysites happy (who wanted to merge Jesus’ natures together).

The leading bishops of the world fell in behind him. They wanted unity just as much as the next guy and the theological problems raised by a Savior Who does not have a human will seemed small in comparison with the Persians and Muslims threatening everybody’s lives. Even Pope Honorius I weakly went along with Heraclius, avoiding conflict and agreeing that his vocabulary wasn’t absolutely a problem, failing to address the devastating theology underneath it.

And then Pope Severinus I was elected Bishop of Rome and refused to sign Heraclius’ statement. His successors, John IV, Theodore I, and then Martin I all held firm against immense pressure from Heraclius and his successors, Constantine III, Heraclonas, and then Constans II. That final emperor simply told the Pope to stop talking about how many wills Christ had. If he was quiet on the issue, all would be well. But Martin I would not back down. He convened a synod in 649 in Rome, and promulgated its canons as an encyclical, utterly rejecting Monothelitism. The gentle Holy Father was arrested, carried in chains to Constantinople, and the Emperor forced the clergy of Rome to elect as his successor Eugene I. (Martin, it should be said, did acquiesce to Eugene’s election so he was not an antipope. That staunch, exiled Bishop of Rome would die shortly thereafter, the final pope to have been martyred)

Constans had his man on the final, and highest, patriarchy of the Christian world, reputedly someone who would finally agree to his watered-down compromised Christology. The newly elected Pope received a letter from the patriarch of Constantinople which he was asked to sign off on. It was vague, obscure, muddying the theological waters just enough that if you squinted it wasn’t all that heretical. The holy, but wavering pontiff read it out before his clergy and laity at St. John Lateran, and the good people of God in Rome stood up before their Holy Father and said they weren’t going to let him leave until he absolutely rejected it. The common folk could smell the heresy mixed into the verbose document better than he, and they would have none of it. Eugene I faced byzantine delegates and sent them packing. They threatened to roast him alive just as soon as the emperor had things under control back home, though he was saved from this fate by the invasion of Crete by the Muslim armies. He was saved from a worse fate by those good, faithful people of Rome.

Fr. Dominic has found his faith strengthened countless times by good and staunch families and brother priests. Sometimes it is the devotion of someone while receiving Holy Communion that reaffirms my faith in the Eucharist, or when priest-friends have simply reminded me of Christ’s strength when I am trying to go through life under my own effort.